Introduction. Few Issues In American Politics Have Become

Introduction Few issues in American politics have become as polarizing as trade agreements. In fact, trade agreements are fairly unique in that it can be opposed by both the right and the left. Nothing is more evident of this characteristic than the most recent presidential election, in which the candidates of both major parties opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). By examining each candidate, one could easily predict the fate of the TPP. Hillary Clinton, once a member of the administration that proposed it, once called it the Gold Standard of trade deals (Memoli, 2016). Donald Trump, while a presidential candidate, not only lambasted NAFTA, but also promised to pull out of the TPP. Trump has called NAFTA, the worst trade†¦show more content†¦is running a trade deficit with Israel of about 8 billion dollars annually. The U.S. has several other trade deals; most of them were ratified in the 2000s. Most notably of these is the Dominican Republic - Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA/CAFTA-DR), enacted in 2004. Unlike the Israeli FTA, this one was contested by Congress at the time. It would eventually pass both houses, but it did so by the slimmest of margins. In fact, voting was held open for an extended period of time to ensure passage. While CAFTA had its struggles, no discussion of the history of FTAs is complete without the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA is the world s largest free trade agreement. NAFTA was signed in 1994 and also faced some uncertainty. President Clinton was able to form a coalition with Republicans to get the agreement passed: 234 - 200 in the House and 61 - 38 in the Senate (Gerstenzang, 1993). While some democrats opposed it, some reluctantly supported it. The late Senator Ted Kennedy said at the time, All of the problems that working families face . . . will be even worse if NAFTA is defeated. Kennedy was a staunch ally of organized labor. Still, many democrats were against the agreement in 1993 (Gerstenzang, 1993). If anything, opposition to NAFTA has grown over time, and part of that is due to its mixed results. Since NAFTA, trade in North America has nearly tripled, to 1.14 trillion dollars annually (Desjardins,Show MoreRelatedTides of Consent Paper1005 Words   |  5 PagesIn American politics, public opinion is mostly a latent force that typically has no important bearing on national decision making unless citizens become unusually attentive to politics. Many citizens are uninformed, which leads to inconsistent opinions. In Tides of Consent, there are many factors that shift public opinion. Some changes are fast and responsive, such as spikes in presidential approval, and some changes are slow, and occur in increments that may be overlooked. Public opinion in AmericanRead MoreThe Relationship Between Social Media Platforms And The Government1517 Words   |  7 Pagesessay also discusses the different ideologies and fallacies individuals have of the media’s role in society. This es say wasn’t written to persuade one either way, but rather to bring the important relationship to light, so with better understanding people can make wiser decisions as voters, consumers or investors. Fo r Better, or For Worse: Politics, Government, and the Media. Outline I. Introduction a. Fallacies of the American People-Media b. Private owned media c. Corporation for Public BroadcastingRead MoreThe And Of Public Broadcasting1287 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction When you watch television, you’re probably watching to educate yourself on what’s going-on around you in today’s society, to find entertainment, and stay up- to-date on today’s latest trends. In todays modern society people rely on the availability of information to make better decisions. 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Pluripotent Stem Cell Essay - 1608 Words

A review on â€Å"Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors†  ¬Stem cells are yet undifferentiated cells, with the potential capability to further divide indefinitely, and the ability to give rise to more specialized cell types. Embryonic stem(ES) cells are of especially great importance due to their pluripotency and hence ability to differentiate to cells of all three germ layers. Due to the great replicative powers of these cells, they may be used to treat degenerative diseases, or injuries to the nervous system. However, as these ES cells are extracted from blastocysts, an ethical dilemma arises, not to mention potential rejection of foreign bodies in patients. Typically, in†¦show more content†¦The 24 candidate genes were then introduced to mouse embryonic fibroblast(MEF); when grown, no single candidate was capable of activating the Fbx15 locus. Conversely when all 24 candidates were expressed Yamanaka and Takahashi were able to obtain multiple G418 resistant colonies. The experiment was repeated, and six colonies were chosen. Out of these six, four displayed morphology and proliferation properties which were highly similar to ES cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR(RTPCR) revealed several ES cell markers, and further analysis provided evidence that it was a combination of some of the 24 factors which induced pluripotency. To find the specific combination required to induce pluripotency, Yamanaka and Takahashi observed the effect of removing certain factors. A total of ten factors were noted to have critical effect on the early growth of cells; removal of any of these ten factors resulted in no colony growth within the first ten days of culturing. Furthermore, when these ten genes were combined, Yamanaka and Takahashi noted that the resulting cells were more similar to ES cells than cells with all 24 factors were transduced. Out of these ten factors, further factors were withdrawn; when factors Oct  ¾ or Klf4 were removed no G418 resistant colonies formed. Moreover, when Sox2 was removed minimal colonies formed. While resistant colonies still formed despite the removal of c-Myc, the colonies had a distorted morphology from regular ES cells (Figure 1). TheShow MoreRelatedInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells Essays1185 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe:- (i) how induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are isolated (ii) how iPSCs can be used to study human development (iii) how iPSCs can be used to model human disease and to develop therapies for degenerative disease i) iPSCs are adult stem cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to behave like the pluripotent stem cells found in embryos, i.e. can differentiate into any cell type in the human body. 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Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice Free Essays

The position Thrasymachus takes on the definition of justice, as well as its importance in society, is one far differing from the opinions of the other interlocutors in the first book of Plato’s Republic. Embracing his role as a Sophist in Athenian society, Thrasymachus sets out to aggressively dispute Socrates’ opinion that justice is a beneficial and valuable aspect of life and the ideal society. Throughout the course of the dialogue, Thrasymachus formulates three major assertions regarding justice. We will write a custom essay sample on Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now These claims include his opinion that â€Å"justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,† â€Å"it is just to obey the rulers,† and â€Å"justice is really the good of another [†¦] and harmful to the one who obeys and serves. † Socrates continuously challenges these claims using what is now known as the â€Å"Socratic method† of questioning, while Thrasymachus works to defend his views. This paper seeks to argue the implausibility of Thrasymachus’ views through an analysis of his main claims regarding justice, as well as his view that injustice brings greater happiness. In Book I of Republic, Socrates attempts to define justice with the help of his friends and acquaintances. After a number of suggestions prove false or insufficient, Thrasymachus tries his hand to define the term, convinced that his definition rings true. Thrasymachus begins in stating, â€Å"justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,1† and after prodding, explains what he means by this. Thrasymachus believes that the stronger rule society, therefore, creating laws and defining to the many what should be considered just. He pertains, however, that the stronger create said laws for their own benefit and therefore in acting justly, the ruled are performing for the rulers benefit and not their own. This argument is not feasible for a variety of reasons. One of the key characteristics of justice is fairness, which can also be defined as being reasonable or impartial. 5 Impartiality means that you do not favour one side over another6, and therefore implies that if one were to act justly and therefore impartially, they would not act in a way to benefit only a select few. Furthermore, justice in its true form cannot be used solely for the advantage of the stronger without the masses acknowledging the injustices being imposed upon them, as Thrasymachus suggests is the case. For justice is one of the many characteristics of morality, which is considered to be intrinsic based on an inner conviction. 7 Therefore, if the many were acting against said inner conviction wholly for the benefit of the stronger, would they not experience a natural feeling of injustice? This argument alike can be used to refute another of Thrasymachus’ primary claims that â€Å"justice is really the good of another [†¦] and harmful to the one who obeys and serves. †3 In addition to his definition, Thrasymachus argues the value of justice as a human or societal characteristic, claiming that injustice is far more beneficial to the individual. Thrasymachus asserts that tyranny: makes the doer of injustice happiest and the sufferers of it, who are unwilling to do injustice, most wretched. †¦] injustice, if it is on a large enough scale, is stronger, freer, and more masterly than justice. 5 To decide whether an unjust man finds more happiness than a just man does, one must understand the true meaning of the word. The dictionary defines happiness as â€Å"characterized by pleasure, contentment, or joy. †8 Thrasymachus typifies the unjust man as someone who is constantly seeking self-fulfillment, pleasing their desires no matter what the cost to others. It is in their nature to never be satisfied with what they have, and therefore it is unlikely that the unjust man could ever experience true contentment. In contrast, the just man is content upholding laws and acting for the greater good and is therefore capable of experiencing a greater happiness than one who partakes in injustices. The dictionary goes on to state that happiness can also be defined as â€Å"feeling satisfied that something is right or has been done right. 8 Thus, an unjust man could never truly be happy, as they are aware of the injustices they have committed unto others in order to benefit themselves. In addition, if one is to look to the cardinal virtues, not only is justice itself included, temperance is as well. Temperance, meaning â€Å"restraint in the face of temptation or desire†9 is not a characteristic of an unjust man. In fact, Thrasymachus argues that one should always seek to fulfill their own desires exercising injustice as a way to do so. Virtue is said to be a measure of one’s worth, therefore, in turning their back on it, an unjust man could never be as self fulfilled and happy as a virtuous one. The first book of Republic illustrates a diverse range of views in reference to the definition of justice. None, however, evokes such controversy and analysis as Thrasymachus’ dialogue. His point of view calls to the forefront a number of important questions regarding the issue, and is an essential piece to Plato’s puzzle of defining justice. Thrasymachus’s arguments in and of themselves, however, are implausible as discussed above. Not only does his claim that â€Å"justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger,†1 go against morality and assume the masses naive, but his attempt to prove that the unjust man is happier than the just man is insufficient and untrue. Works Cited Encarta World English Dictionary. 2004 Plato. The Republic. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Revised by C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. 1992. 382c How to cite Thrasymachus’ Views on Justice, Papers

Trait and Behavior Theories

Question: Discuss about theTrait and Behavior Theories. Answer: Difference Between Trait and Behavior Theory of Leadership The trait theory is sometimes referred to as the virtue theory by some scholars. The proposers of this theory argue that there are certain qualities that a leader must possess. They claim that one is born a leader. The trait theory also focuses on the fact that certain factors differentiate leaders from followers. The behavior theory of leadership, on the other hand, disregard the trait theory of leadership. The behavior theorists refute the idea of inherent potential. They also reject the virtues mentioned by the trait theorists. The scholars who support this theory claim that there are a set of roles or actions that a leader must take in any organizational situation (DERUE et al., 2011). They believe that leaders can be trained into making good leaders. They believe that anyone can be a leader. They, however, claim that the environment should be good for one to learn to be a leader. They should also learn good leadership skills. It is also argued that behaviorism is a democratic form of theory. Being a good leader needs training. The trait theory, however, claims that leaders are born with leadership traits. A good example is between two people born in different houses. One is born in a family of weak people while one is born into a strong-willed family. From the two theories, it can be argued that one will become a better leader than the other. Based on the arguments made by the scholars, I tend to believe that the two theories are valid. How Organizations can help in Developing Effective Leaders Organizations can help and develop good leaders. A good example of a situation where organizations can help is in the business setting. The management in many cases can analyze the actions and the decisions that are made by their employees (Goff, 2003). Their aim can be to notice the employees who depict leadership potentials. These groups of employees are then promoted and trained with the aim of reaping the best from their capabilities. References Derue, D, Nahrgang, J, Wellman, N, Humphrey, S 2011, 'Trait And Behavioral Theories Of Leadership: An Integration And Meta-Analytic Test Of Their Relative Validity', Personnel Psychology, 64, 1, pp. 7-52, Goff, DG 2003, 'What Do We Know about Good Community College Leaders: A Study in Leadership Trait Theory and Behavioral Leadership Theory'